Backhuys Publ.

Instructions for authors—General Guidelines

1. Text

1.1. We have the ability to convert data from almost all sources, however your manuscript should preferably be typed on PC- IBM-compatible or Macintosh computers, with word-processing packages WordPerfect or MS Word. Please indicate this clearly on the diskette label (including Version and Operating System). (No RTF/ASCII/ANSI text please).

Make absolutely sure that you send us the final version of your manuscript. The final version of the hard copy and the file on disk must be the same. It is the author's resposibility to ensure that they are identical. If different, the electronic copy will be used.

The following instructions, given for WordPerfect, are valid for all other word-processing programs.

- Type your text with WordPerfect's hyphenation off. Do not type hyphens at the end of a line; use WordPerfect's Soft Returns. The first letter of each heading should be in capitals, the rest in lower case.

- Never indent when beginning a new paragraph. Use a Hard Return after each paragraph. Do not separate paragraphs with an extra Hard Return. In this way, each paragraph is preceded and closed by one Hard Return.

- If your word-processing language allows, it is better to select the italic style command rather than the underline facility if the end product is intended to be in italics.

- Do not use "hidden text" such as Endnotes, Footnotes, Index entries, Figure Boxes or Table Boxes. Provide us with plain text only. Do not use WordPerfect's Style option to make a layout.

1.2. Each manuscript should be preceded by a separate title page showing the exact title and the first name(s), middle initial(s), and surname(s) of the author(s) including the institute of origin, and the address to which the proofs should be sent. To facilitate communication between the authors, editors and publisher, the author should include a fax, e-mail and/or telephone number on the title page.

1.3. The manuscript should start with the title, followed by an Abstract (100-150 words) and the main text should be divided into sections, normally: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgement, References. Subdivisions in the manuscripts should be as simple as possible and limited to only three levels. The manuscript should contain a maximum of 6,500 words (i.e. 13 typed pages with circa 38 lines/13 words per line), excluding figures and tables.
(A printed book page (only text) has approx. 450-500 words)

1.4. Copyright permission must be obtained for any table, diagram, or illustration to be reproduced.

1.5. In the text, tables and figures should be referred to by number.

1.6. Use SI units of measure. Non-standard abbreviations should be placed in parentheses after the full word the first time they appear. Use abbreviations sparingly.

1.7. In the text, references should be typed as follows: ..... is discussed by Clarkson & Tourraine (1994), or Westwood et al. (2001) pointed out.... or ...the maximum carboxylation velocity was calculated (Farquhar et al. 1980, Leverenz & Clarkson 1988, Bazzaz 1992b).

2. References

2.1. Type the reference list on a separate page in alphabetical order. The list should be entitled "References". Please adhere to the published style, paying specific attention to the punctuation. References should be typed as follows:

- article in journal
Hilbert, D.W., Larigauderi, A. & Reynolds, J.F. 1991. The influence of carbon dioxide and daily photo-flux density on optimal leaf nitrogen concentration and root: shoot ratio. Ann.Bot. 68: 365-376

-book
Gutschick, V.P. 1987. A functional biology of crop plants. Croom Helm, London

-book in series
Biggio, G. & Costa, E.(eds.). 1983. Benzodiazepine Recognition Site Ligands: Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology, 38. Raven Press, New York

-article in book
Tourraine, B., Clarkson, D.T. & Muller, B. 1994. Regulation of nitrate uptake at the whole plant level. In: Roy, J. & Garnier, E. (eds.), A Whole Plant Perspective on Carbon-Nitrogen Interactions, pp. 11-30. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague.

2.2. All abbreviations in the text ( like CALM, LHC, PNUE) should be typed without periods.

2.3. The titles of journals should be abbreviated in accordance with the convention in Biological Abstracts (Biosis) and similar sources. In case of doubt, the full name may be given.

2.4. The accuracy of the references cited is the responsibility of the author.

2.5. Reference lists should only include publications cited in the text.

3. Figures

3.1. Figures (diagrams, graphs, and photographs) must be of high quality and numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals. Do not incorporate figures in Wordperfect in a Figure Box, but supply them as hard copy separately (they will be scanned). Figures may be submitted on diskette (EPS or TIFF files, always add word-processing software, incl. version no.).

3.2. Photographs and electron micrographs should be submitted as sharp, high contrast black-and white glossy prints. Try to submit all figures in approximately the same size so that each will have a common reduction and a consistent final size.

3.3. Lettering should be limited as much as possible; when used, it should be in lower case, not in capital letters. Lettering and symbols in all figures should be clear, of even density and of consistent size.

3.4. Symbols, abbreviations and spelling in the legend should be consistent with the text.

3.5. When special symbols are used in a figure, their key should also appear in the figure, not in the figure's legend (title). Do not incorporate the legend (title) in the figure itself.

3.6. Legends to figures should be typed on a separate page. Indicate in the margins of the manuscript where figures should be placed.

Notes. Booksize will be 16 x 24 cm. Type area is 12.6 x 19 cm
Save figures in as many different formats as are available to you; we may be able to use one of them. The following graphics files can always be handled and used.
* Adobe Illustrator - .ai or .eps extension
* Adobe Photoshop - .tiff or .eps extension
* Freehand - .eps extension
* CorelDraw - .cdr extension
Always save file name and extension and indicate which version you used!

SCANS-resolution

If used:
* greyscales - 300 dpi
* linearts (100% black) - 1200 dpi
* black/white photographs - 300 dpi
* colour photographs (must be paid by the author, expensive!) CMYK - 300 dpi

4. Tables

4.1. Tables must be on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. Indicate in the margins of the manuscript where tables should be placed.

4.2. We do prefer tables to be submitted in camera-ready form as tables are difficult to set from diskettes. If you also put your tables on diskette, please separate colums with TAB codes (not with spaces). It is essential that tables are also supplied as hard copy.

4.3. Do not use WordPerfect Table Box and/or WordPerfect's Column option.

5. Copyright

Submission of the manuscript to the Publisher automatically transfers the copyright to Backhuys Publishers. Copyright permission must be obtained for any table, figure, diagram or illustration to be reproduced.